英文写作中词语的选择(一)- -| 回首页 | 2006年索引 | - -英语写作中的词语选择(三)

英文写作中词语的选择(二)

                                      

英语中的"象声词"

英语的词类和汉语的词类大致相同,但英语却没有象声词。在英语中,象声词往往是通过名词、动词、形容词或其它方式来表达的。从下面例子中,我们可以看出一些常用的"象声词"是如何表达的。

1.jingle 指硬币、小铃、钥匙等发出的叮当声。

Jingle bells,jingle bells,jingle all the way!叮叮当,叮叮当,铃儿响叮当。

He jingled the keys in his pocket.他把口袋里的钥匙弄得哗啦直响。

2.clatter 指马蹄、刀叉、碟碗、机器等发出的声音,也可以指人们的谈笑声。

The dishes and bowls slid together with a clatter.碟子碗碰得叮当响。

the clatter of the horses’ hoofs 嗒嗒的马蹄声

3.bang 指突然发出的巨响。

The firecracker went bang.爆竹砰地一声响了。

He shut the door with a bang .或He banged the door shut.他砰地一声把门关上。

4.snap 指鞭子、风帆、手指发出的噼啪声,树枝等突然折断的声音,关上或打开东西的声音。

The string broke with a snap.啪的一声,弦断了。

He snapped down the lid of the box.他啪地一声关上箱盖。

5.crack 指爆竹、枪等发出的爆裂声和噼啪声。

The fireworks cracked overhead.烟花在头顶上噼啪作响。

Crack!Crack!Two shots rang out.啪!啪!两声枪响。

6.tick 指钟表等发出的滴答声。

The telegraph ticked out message after message.发报机滴滴答答不停地发报。

The night was quiet except for the tick of the clock.夜很静,只有钟摆滴答地响。

7.creak 指吱吱嘎嘎的声音。

The chair creaked under his weight.椅子被他压得咯吱直响。

The door opened with a creak.门吱地一声开了。

8.click指通过相互碰击,发出的喀哒声,也指上锁、扣板机等发出的声音。

The soldiers clicked their heels together.士兵们喀嚓一声全体立正。

the click of boots(on a floor) 噔噔的皮靴声

9.rumble指雷、炮、车辆等发出的隆隆声,也指肚子里发出的咕咕声。

The thunder rumbled in the distance.远处雷声隆隆作响。

My stomach keeps rumbling.我的肚子咕咕直响

10.rattle指类似于小而坚硬的物体相互碰撞时发出的一连串声音。

The beggar rattled the coins in his tin.乞丐把罐子里的钱币摇得嘎嘎响。

a rattle of m ilk bottles 牛奶瓶碰撞发出的嘎嘎声

熟练地掌握"象声词"的译法,有助于我们准确、地道地表达英语,使句子更生动、更形象。

英语数字趣谈

初学英语者时常会遇到一些由英语数字组成的习语,

如:to be dressed up to the nines, to be in sixes and sevens, to arrive at the eleventh hour等等。 虽然这些都是大家所熟悉的常用数字,但是由它们组成的习语的意思却与数字毫不相关,望文生义往往是指鹿为马,风马牛不相及、那么这些习语究竟是什么意思呢?下面笔者就将自己阅读中收集起来的有关习语作一简单的介绍,以飨读者。

1.one-horse town--乡村小镇。

这一短语源自美国,由小镇仅拥有一匹马而来。由此引申,one-horse现在可以表示 “极小的、简陋 的、次要的“ 意思,如 one-horse show(小型展览会)。由one组合成的习语。而又毫无 “一” 这一含义的习语还有: (1) He was one too many for me. 我不是他的对手。 (2) Number one -- 自己。由此而衍生to look after number one (自私,追求自己的利益)

2.Two of a trade did never agree -- 同行相轻。这是一句古老的谚语。由two组合成的习语还有: (1) when two Fridsys come together. “永远不”的遁词。 (2) The two eyes of Greece. 希腊古代的两座城市“雅典”和“斯巴达”。

3.Three sheets in the wind -- 酩酊大醉。 sheet 的一个词义是“系在帆下角的金属环上的帆脚索”。如果帆脚索没有系扣住时,船帆可以任意 随风飘扬。船员们称之为 in the wind。A sheet in the wind由此成为船员们一句口头语言,表示 tipsy(微醉)。Three sheets in the wind 自然是大醉特醉了。由three组合成的习语还有:Three score and ten -- 古稀之年。score在英语中是“二十“ 的意思。尽管这一习语中的数字加起来是七十,但在引喻中只是泛指老年而已。

4.Four-letter words -- 粗俗的下流话。由此而衍生出four-letter man(专喜使用粗俗的下流话的人)。由four组合的另一习语是:Four-sale 廉价的啤酒;每品脱原来只卖四便士的啤酒。

5.Fifth Column 叛徒或是渗透到重要部门中去为敌方效力的内好,直译为第五纵队。该词源自西班牙内战时期一位叫摩拉的将领之口。他说他拥有的四个纵队包围着西班牙首都马德里,另有一支纵队--第五纵队,在城内策应。现泛指敌人派人的间谍和内好。由five组合成的习语还有: (1) Bunch of fives--(俚语)拳头。 (2) The five wits -- 常识、想象、幻想。估量和记忆这五种功能,泛指人的智能。

6. be at sixes and sevens -- 乱七八糟。(对人) 无法取得统一的意见。这一习语源自掷骰子游戏。由上组合成的习语还有: (1) six of one and half a dozen of other 半斤八两差不多;两者都有错。 (2) The six Conties -- “北爱尔兰”的别名。 (3) The six-foot way --- 铁路;由两条铁轨之间的距离“six-foot”引申而来。

7. The seventh son of a seventh son --- 显要的后代。“七”这个数字在希伯来人中间被认为是神秘而神圣的。根据《圣经>>中所说的,世界就是在七天内创造的,每星期内有七天,还有七种美德,人一生分为七个生长时期,主祷文也分为七个部分。七的倍数也被认为是神圣的。因而,“第七个儿子的第七儿子”被认为是极为显要的后代。

8.Behind the eight ball --- 处境危险,无可救药。这一习语源自叫做凯利的弹子游戏(kelly pool)。其中有一种打法:全部的弹子必须按一定的顺序击落弹袋,只有一颗黑色的弹子除外,黑色弹子的分是八分。如果另一个弹子碰到了黑弹子,击弹子的一方就要被罚。因而,如果八分的黑色弹子恰好处在要打的弹子前面,击弹子的一方势必处于危险的位置。由eight组合成的另一习语是: one over the eight --- 微醉。

9.Dressed up to the nines 衣冠楚楚;打扮得极为华丽。 由nine组合成的习语还有: (1) A nine day’s wonder --- 轰动一时而后又被遗忘的事情;昙花一现。 (2) Possession is nine points of the law ---占有者在诉讼中总占上风。 (3) To look nine ways --- 斜眼看人。 (4) Right as nine pence --- 完好无暇。

10. The Uppe Ten --- 贵族阶层;社会精华。这一习语 由the upper ten thousand 简缩而来。第一个使用这一说法的是十九世纪美国的一名颇有见地的记者 ---N.p.威利斯,他所指的是当时纽约市的上流社会人物。由ten组合成的另一习语是:Ten to one --- 十之八九;很可能。这一习语与另一个由数字组合成的习语:nine times out of ten意义相同,有异曲同工之妙。

11.To arrive at the eleventh hour --- 在最后时刻到来。这一习语源自圣经新约全书。说的是天国犹如家主,清晨出去雇人到他的葡萄园里工作,讲好一天一钱银子。在十二点钟光景(at the eleventh hour),家主第三次出园门看见仍有人无所事事,于是就雇他们也去园内帮工,并讲好到时也会给他们报酬。到了晚上,这些晚来的人得到的工钱也是一钱银子。于是,先 来的人抱怨为何 “在最后时刻来的人” 与他们的工钱相仿,家主解释了一番。其缘由我们且不去探究,但这一习语就这样留传了下来。除了以上数字组合的习语以外,就笔者所知还有 to have forty winks(小睡,打吨儿), the sixth-four dollar question(最后的和最困难的问题)等等。

限于篇幅不再一一赘述。这些习语一般都有出处,可以引出一段关于西方文化背景的故事,颇耐人寻味。学习语言的人略知一二不无裨益。

体育英语词汇

(一)体育一般词汇

1.General Terms 一般词汇

manager 经纪人instructor 教练,技术指导guide 领队trainer 助理教练referee, umpire (网球.棒球)裁判linesman, touch judge (橄榄球)裁判contestant, competitor, player 运动员professional 职业运动员amateur 业余运动员,爱好者enthusiast, fan 迷,爱好者favorite 可望取胜者 (美作:favorite)outsider 无取胜希望者championship 冠军赛,锦标赛champion 冠军record 纪录record holder 纪录创造者ace 网球赛中的一分Olympic Games, Olympics 奥林匹克运动会Winter Olympics 冬季奥林匹克运动会stadium 运动场track 跑道ring 圈ground, field 场地pitch (足球、橄榄球)场地court 网球场team, side 队2.Athletics 竞技

race 跑middle-distance race 中长跑long-distance runner 长跑运动员sprint 短跑 (美作:dash)the 400 meter hurdles 400米栏marathon 马拉松decathlon 十项cross-country race 越野跑jump 跳跃jumping 跳跃运动high jump 跳高long jump 跳远 (美作:broad jump)triple jump, hop step and jump 三级跳pole vault 撑杆跳throw 投掷throwing 投掷运动putting the shot, shot put 推铅球throwing the discus 掷铁饼throwing the hammer 掷链锤throwing the javelin 掷标枪walk 竞走

3.Individual Sports 体育项目

gymnastics 体操gymnastic apparatus 体操器械horizontal bar 单杠parallel bars 双杠rings 吊环trapeze 秋千wall bars 肋木side horse, pummeled horse 鞍马weight-lifting 举重weights 重量级boxing 拳击Greece-Roman wrestling 古典式摔跤hold, lock 揪钮judo 柔道fencing 击剑winter sports 冬季运动skiing 滑雪ski 滑雪板downhill race 速降滑雪赛,滑降slalom 障碍滑雪ski jumping competition 跳高滑雪比赛ski jump 跳高滑雪ice skating 滑冰figure skating 花样滑冰roller skating 滑旱冰bobsleigh, bobsled 雪橇

4.Games and Competitions 球类运动

football 足球rugby 橄榄球basketball 篮球volleyball 排球tennis 网球baseball 垒球handball 手球hockey 曲棍球golf 高尔夫球cricket 板球ice hockey 冰球goalkeeper 球门员center kick 中线发球goal kick 球门发球throw in, line-out 边线发to score a goal 射门得分to convert a try 对方球门线后触地得分batsman 板球运动员batter 击球运动员men's singles 单打运动员in the mixed doubles 混合双打

5.Water Sports 水上运动

swimming pool 游泳池swimming 游泳medley relay 混合泳crawl 爬泳breaststroke 蛙式backstroke 仰式freestyle 自由式butterfly (stroke) 蝶泳diving competition 跳水water polo 水球water skiing 水橇rowing 划船canoe 划艇boat race 赛艇yacht 游艇kayak 皮船sailing 帆船运动outboard boat 船外马达

6.Bicycles and Motorcycles 自行车和摩托车

car 车类运动 velodrome, cycling stadium 自行车赛车场road race 公路赛race 计时赛chase 追逐赛motorcycle, motorbike 摩托车racing car 赛车racing driver 赛车驾驶员rally 汽车拉力赛

7.Riding and Horse Races 赛马

riding 骑马racecourse, racetrack 跑马场,赛马场jockey, polo 马球rider 马球运动员show jumping competition 跳跃赛steeplechase 障碍赛fence 障碍trotter 快跑的马

8.Tennis 网球

tennis 网球运动lawn tennis 草地网球运动grass court 草地网球场racket 球拍racket press 球拍夹gut, string (球拍的)弦line ball 触线球baseline ball 底线球sideline ball 边线球straight ball 直线球down-the-line shot 边线直线球crosscourt 斜线球high ball, lob 高球low ball 低球long shot 长球short shot 短球cut 削球smash 抽球jump smash 跃起抽球spin 旋转球low drive 抽低球volley 截击空中球low volley 低截球deep ball 深球heavy ball 重球net 落网球flat stroke 平击球flat drive 平抽球let 重发球fluke, set-up, easy 机会球ground stroke 击触地球wide 打出边线的球overhead smash, overhand smash 高球扣杀game 局set 盘fifteen all 一平thirty all 二平forty all 三平deuce 局末平分, 盘末平局love game 一方得零分的一局double fault 双误, 两次发球失误‘not up’, 两跳,还击前球着地两次service line 发球线fore court 前场back court 后场center mark 中点server 发球员receiver 接球员

9.Swimming 游泳

swimming pool 游泳池changing room 更衣室shower 淋浴diving platform 跳台ten-meter platform 10米跳台five-meter platform 5米跳台three-meter springboard 3米跳板one-meter springboard 1米跳板diving pool 跳水池non-swimmer's pool 浅水池swimmer's pool 深水池starting block 出发台starting dive 出发起跳rope with cork floats 水线swimming lane 泳道touching the finishing line 终点触线timekeeper 计时员lifesaver, lifeguard 救生员land drill 陆上练习breaststroke 蛙泳crawl stroke 爬泳back stroke 仰泳side stroke 侧泳butterfly stroke 蝶泳dolphin butterfly stroke 海豚式蝶泳treading water 踩水underwater swimming 潜泳swimming pool with artificial waves 人工海浪泳池 artificial waves 人工海浪swimming trunks 泳裤swimsuit, swimming suit 泳衣swimming cap 泳帽bikini 比基尼泳衣bikini top 比基尼乳罩bikini bottom 比基尼式泳裤surfing 冲浪surfboard 冲浪板water ski 滑水橇

10.Football 足球

football, soccer, Association football 足球field, pitch 足球场midfield 中场kick-off circle 中圈half-way line 中线football, eleven 足球队football player 足球运动员goalkeeper, goaltender, goalie 守门员back 后卫left 左后卫right back 右后卫center half back 中卫 half back 前卫left half back 左前卫right half back 右前卫forward 前锋center forward, center 中锋inside left forward, inside left 左内锋inside right forward, inside right 右内锋 outside left forward, outside left 左边锋outside right forward, outside right 右边锋kick-off 开球bicycle kick, overhead kick 倒钩球chest-high ball 平胸球corner ball, corner 角球goal kick 球门球ground ball, grounder 地面球hand ball 手触球header 头球penalty kick 点球spot kick 罚点球free kick 罚任意球throw-in 掷界外球ball handling 控制球block tackle 正面抢截body check 身体阻挡bullt 球门前混战fair charge 合理冲撞chesting 胸部挡球close-marking defense 钉人防守close pass, short pass 短传consecutive passes 连续传球deceptive movement 假动作diving header 鱼跃顶球flying header 跳起顶球dribbling 盘球finger-tip save (守门员)托救球clean catching (守门员)跳球抓好flank pass 边线传球high lobbing pass 高吊传球scissor pass 交叉传球volley pass 凌空传球triangular pass 三角传球rolling pass, ground pass 滚地传球slide tackle 铲球clearance kick 解除危险的球to shoot 射门grazing shot 贴地射门close-range shot 近射long drive 远射mishit 未射中offside 越位to pass the ball 传球to take a pass 接球spot pass 球传到位to trap 脚底停球to intercept 截球to break through, to beat 带球过人to break loose 摆脱to control the midfield 控制中场to disorganize the defense 破坏防守to fall back 退回to set a wall 筑人墙to set the pace 掌握进攻节奏to ward off an assault 击退一次攻势to break up an attack 破坏一次攻势ball playing skill 控球技术total football 全攻全守足球战术open football 拉开的足球战术off-side trap 越位战术wing play 边锋战术shoot-on-sight tactics 积极的抢射战术time wasting tactics 拖延战术Brazilian formation 巴西阵式, 4-2-4 阵式four backs system 四后卫制four-three-three formation 4-3-3 阵式four-two-four formation 4-2-4 阵式red card 红牌(表示判罚出场)yellow card 黄牌(表示警告)

11.Baseball and Softball 棒球和垒球

baseball 棒球baseball field, baseball ground 棒球场softball 垒球softball field, softball ground 垒球场infield, diamond 内场outfield 外场fair territory 界内地区foul territory 界外地区foul line 边线base line 垒间线base 垒bag 垒垫, 垒包home base 本垒first base 一垒second base 二垒third base 三垒home plate 本垒板pitcher's plate 投手板pitcher's mound (棒球)投手土墩pitcher's circle (垒球)投手圈batter's box 击球员区on deck circle 击球员准备区catcher's box 接手区coacher's box 跑垒指导员区bench, dug-out 队员席bull-pen 候补投手练习区glove 手套, 分指手套milt 合指手套bat 球棒mask 护面chest protector 护leg protector 护腿supporter 护裆helmet 护帽baseball player 棒球运动员softball player 垒球运动员pitcher 投手catcher 接手fielder 守场员baseman 守垒员infielder 内场手first baseman 一垒手second baseman 二垒手third baseman 三垒手shortstop 游击手outfielder 外场手batter, hitter 击球员base-runner 跑垒员batter-runner 击跑员relief pitcher 候援投手designated hitter (DH) 指名击球员coacher 跑垒指导员manager 总教练plate umpire 司球裁判员base umpire 司垒裁判员inning 局次visiting team 先攻队home team 后攻队offensive team 攻队defensive team 守队pitching 投手投球windup position (棒球投手)正面投球法set up position (棒球投手)侧身投球法sling shot (垒球投手)后摆投球法wind mill (垒球投手)绕环投球法8 figure (垒球投手)8字投球法throwing 传球catching 接球fielding 防守batting, hitting 击球base running 跑垒stealing 偷垒sliding 滑垒strike zone 好球区fair ball 界内球foul ball 界外球illegal pitch 不合法投球illegally batted ball 不合法击球bunt 触击球foul tip 擦棒球bunting 触击swing 挥击ground ball, grounder 地滚球liner, line drive 平直球fly ball 腾空球hit, safety hit 安全打one base hit 一垒打two base hit 二垒打

(二)体育英语常用词汇

足球比赛用语

中圈 kick-off circle 禁区 penalty zone 端线 goal line 球门区 goal area 球门柱 goal-post 球门网 goal net

篮球比赛用语

球场 playing court 分位线 lane place line篮球 basketball 罚球线 free throw line边线 side line 罚球区 free throw lane中线 center line 三分线 three point line端线 end line 限制区 restricted area界线 boundary line 位置区 lane place前场 front court 中立区 neutral zone中场 mid court 球队席 team bench后场 back court 篮架支柱 basket post中圈 center circle 用过的球 used ball篮圈 ring 本方球篮 own basket篮网 net 对方球篮 opponent’s basket篮板 backboard 犯规次数牌 foul markers球篮 basket 全队犯规标志team foul marker篮架 basket support 替补队员席 substitute bench开表 game clock 技术设备 technical equipment停表 stop the clock 球队席区域 team bench areas哨 whistle 球场面积 dimension of the court 三分投篮区 three-point field goal areas

排球比赛用语

排球场地volleyball court一方场区 court 对方场区 opponent's court 发球区 service area 进攻线 attack line 裁判台 official's tribune 标志杆 vertical rod 端线 back line 后区 back zone 进攻区 attack zone

乒乓球比赛用语

远台 back court 台的边缘 edge of table 中台 middle court 球台端线 front edge of table 近台 short court (球台)中区 center zone 中线 center (球台)近网区 net zone 台角 corner of table 接球员的左半区 receiver's left half court 网柱 pole 接球员的右半区 receiver's right half court 全台 full court 底线区 goal zone

羽毛球比赛用语

羽毛球 badminton 右发球区 right service court 发球区 half court 前发球场 short service line 左场区 left square 单打球场 singles court 右场区 right square 双打球场 doubles court 反手区 backhand court 双打发球线 doubles service line 中线 mid-court line 双打发球区 doubles service court 边线 side boundary 单打发球区 singles service court 端线 backcourt boundary 单双打边线之间地带 side alley 单双打两用球场 combination court

中国体育组织

国家体育总局State Sport General Administration中华全国体育总会 All-China Sports Federation 中国奥林匹克委员会 Chinese Olympic Committee 中国田径协会 Chinese Athletics Association 中国足球协会 Chinese Football Association 中国篮球协会 Chinese Basketball Association 中国排球协会 Chinese Volleyball Association 中国游泳协会 Chinese Swimming Association 中国网球协会 Chinese Tennis Association 中国桥牌协会 Chinese Bridge Association 中国武术协会 Chinese Wushu Association 中国乒乓球协会 Chinese Table-tennis Association 中国羽毛球协会 Chinese Badminton Association 中国滑冰协会 Chinese Skating Association 中国自行车协会 Chinese Cycling Association 中国健美操协会 Chinese Aerobic Association 中国柔道协会 Chinese Judo Association 中国拳击协会 Chinese Boxing Association 体育设施标准管理办公室 Sports Facilities Standard Authority

容易引起误解的复合词

一般说来,由两个名词组成的复合词,其意思大多与原来的两个词有关,如:stone wall (由石头砌成的墙),foot bridge (人行天桥)。但是,有些却没有什么关系,因而往往会由于望文生义产生误解,所以在学习中注意这些词的确切含义是非常必要的,下面请看几个实例:

1、bus boy ——从字面上看,与公共汽车有关,可实际上是指饭店的服务员(waiter)的助手,不负责点菜上菜与顾客打交道,只是在顾客吃完离开后负责收拾杯盘狼藉的桌面。

2、long suit ——suit 一词容易使人想到西装、衣服之类,如:a long suit (男式普通西服),a gym suit (体操衣),a dress suit (男式晚礼服),a three—piece suit (三件套的西服)。但long suit 与这些一点都沾不上边,其意思是“长处”,“优势”,“胜过别人的地方”。该词来源于a long suit of clubs ,指玩桥牌时的一套长牌,比如四种花色中, 你手中的黑桃多于四张,就可以说你有a long suit of clubs ,既然是长套牌,就很可能势力较强,比方说有Ace,King等。请看例句:His long suit is cooking (他的特长是炒得一手好菜)。

3、swan song ——天鹅之歌,西方古代传说中,天鹅临死时会发出美妙的歌声,于是人们便以swan song比喻画家、诗人、作家、音乐家等最后的作品或是最后一次演出。如:This book is believed to he his swan song (一般认为这本书是他的最后一部作品)。

4、gravy train ——一看到train恐怕会以为是什么样的“列车”、“火车”,在这里与此无关,而是指“轻松的工作或课程”,“容易赚得的利润” 如:In the past ,a college education would enable the person to get on the gravy train (过去,受到大学教育的人容易找到轻松而报酬较高的工作)。

5、anchorman ——anchor 意为“锚”。在该复合词中没有包含这种意思。该词的意思是“新闻主持人”或“节目主持人”,这种播音员既亲自播音,又负责新闻的制作和安排,既指广播播音,也指电视播音,通常指后者。The anchorman on Channel 7 has a personality (七频道的新闻主持人很有特色)。

Something的妙用

Something在英语里,特别是在口语中,使用广泛,基本意义是(性质不确定的)某事物。但实际上,在应用中远远超出这个意义。如使用得当,常能增强语言内的趣味性和表达能力。现在就撇开其基本意义,浅谈以下常见的几种习惯用法。

1、 指颇有价值的或重要的事物,解作“了不起”、“重要”、“有道理”。如

(1) He can run 100 meters in 10.5 seconds 。 That is really something 。 ——他十秒就能跑完一百公尺,真是了不起!

(2) He thinks he is something 。 ——他自以为了不起。

(3) Theory is certainly something but practice is everything 。 ——理论固然重要,但是实践尤为重要。

(4) There is something in this book 。 Have you read it ? ——这本书颇有参考价值,你读过吗?

2、 or something 表示对某事物不十分肯定。恐怕把事情说的太绝,会承担什么责任,用以留有余地。如:

(1) Mr Green is a scientist or something (does some job of science)。 ——格林先生是一个科学家之类的人物。

(2) I heard that a fire broke out in his house or something 。 ——我听说他家着火了还是发生了别的事情。

(3) She made a fire near the oil tank or something 。 ——她在油箱附近燃起了一堆火,或做出别的蠢事。

3、 something of 用来表示一种不确定的程度或没有完全的把握。如:

(1) Arriving at the village , he found himself something of an honoured guest 。 ——到达那个村子时,他发现人们把他当作贵宾。

(2) He is something of a liar 。 ——他不是一个十分诚实的人。

(3) He is something of a programmer 。 ——他略微熟悉程序编制。

4、 something like 表示稍似,有点像,大约等意思。如:

(1) The flying machine is shaped something like a bird 。 ——那架飞行器的外型略微象一只鸟。

(2) The total output of grain this year is something like one million kilograms 。 ——今年粮食总产量大约一百万公斤。

5、 something 还有时后接形容词做表语。做“有些”、“似乎”解。如:

(1) He was something unhappy 。 ——他当时似乎有点不高兴。

(2) She is something better today 。 ——她今天似乎好些了。

6、 something in one 指人的情绪、表情、神态等。如:

(1) Something in her was hostile to catholic , as to foreigners 。 ——她对基督教有些敌对情绪,如同对外国人。

(2) Only something in her was manner prevented her husband from going out that evening 。 ——只是她举止有点异常,才阻止了她丈夫那天晚上的外出。

7、 something tells sb. 意思是好象感觉到,仿佛意识到或知道。如:

(1) Something tells me that the young man is a thief 。 ——我好象感觉到那个年轻人是小偷。

(2) Something tells me this 。 ——我似乎知道这点。

(3) Something told him that the accident would happen 。 ——他好象意识到了那场事故会发生。

8、 have something going for one 表示某人有某种做事的条件,如能力、天资、容貌等。如:

(1) John’s got something for him 。 He would succeed in tackling the problem 。 ——约翰身具才能,他会成功地处理好这个问题。

(2) Jenny has something going for her , she will surely gain love of a young man 。 ——珍妮长的很美,她一定会赢得年轻人人的爱慕。

9、 make something of 找茬……如:

(1) He made something of what the worker said to fire him 。 ——他以那工人说的话为借口,把他解雇了。

(2) Tom accidentally shoved Bob in the doorway and Bob made something of it 。 ——汤姆偶然在门口碰到了鲍波,而鲍波便以此找茬。

10、 start something 指无中生有地找茬,与人打架吵嘴。如:

(1) That boy is always starting something 。 ——那孩子总是惹是生非。

(2) He started something but I made no reply 。 ——他找茬,可是我没理他。

11、 have something on sb. 手中有某人的把柄。如:

(1) He dare not have words with me because I have something on him 。 ——他不敢与我吵嘴,因为我手里抓着他的把柄。

(2) Because he has something on the boss , the boss does not rage against him 。 ——因为他手里抓着老板的把柄,所以老板不向他发火。

比较难译的一些现代词汇

安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents

信息化 information-based; Informationization

智力密集型 concentration of brain power; Knowledge-intensive

外资企业 overseas-funded enterprises

下岗职工 laid-off workers

分流 reposition of redundant personnel

三角债 chain debts

素质教育 education for all-round development

豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects

社会治安情况 law-and-order situation

民族国家 nation state

“台独” "independence of Taiwan"

台湾当局 Taiwan authorities

台湾同胞 Taiwan compatriots

台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.

西部大开发 Development of the West Regions

可持续性发展 sustainable development

风险投资 risk investment

通货紧缩 deflation

扩大内需 to expand domestic demand

计算机辅助教学 computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )

网络空间 cyberspace

虚拟现实 virtual reality

网民 netizen ( net citizen )

电脑犯罪 computer crime

电子商务 the e-business

网上购物 shopping online

应试教育 exam-oriented education

学生减负 to reduce study load

颠倒词序意义不同

英语中有些两词短语,如果在词序上颠倒一下,意义上就会大不相同。下面介绍15对这样容易混淆的短语。

1. high on 热心于; on high 在高处,在天空。

She is high on you , you know . 你知道,她非常喜欢你。

I saw two planes flying on high . 我看见有两架飞机在高空飞翔。

2.such as 像,例如; as such 照此;就以这种身份。

Some of the rubbish , such as food , paper and iron , rot away over a long time . 有些垃圾,像食物,纸和铁,要过好久才能烂掉。

She is a teacher , and should be respected as such . 她是一个老师,应该受到老师应有的尊重。

3.must needs 偏偏; needs must 必须。

He must needs go away when he was wanted . 要找他的时候,他偏偏不在。

He needs must go at once . 他必须立即走。

4.only if 只有,必须在……条件下; if only 但愿,要是……就好了。

I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard . 我告诉他,只有努力才能成功。

If only I had seen the famous scientist ! 我要是见到那个著名的科学家该多好啊!

5.long before 很久以前; before long 不久以后

Long before , men discovered the use of wool . 很久以前,人就发现了羊毛的用途。

He is certain to arrive before long . 他肯定不久就到。

6.a kind of 一种; of a kind 徒有其名的,同一种。

I had a kind of suspicion that he was cheating . 我有点怀疑他在骗人。

He is a poet of a kind . 他是一个徒有其名的诗人。

7.all in 疲倦极了; in all 总共。

He was all in , but he stuck it out . 他已经筋疲力尽了但是还是坚持到底。

How many are there in all ? 总共有多少?

8.good for 对……有好处; for good 永远。

It is good for your health to take a walk in the morning . 清晨散步有益于健康。

I have given up smoking for good . 我已永远戒烟了。

9.all for 完全赞成; for all 尽管。

I was all for the proposal . 我完全赞成这一建议。

For all his achievements he is very modest . 尽管他很有成就,他还是十分谦虚。

10.cash in 兑成现款; in cash 有现钱。

Bob paid the bill by cashing in some bonds ,. 鲍勃将一部分公债券兑成了现款付了帐。

He bets freely when he is in cash . 他有钱的时候就任意打赌。

11.in drink 喝醉了; drink in 吸收,吸取。

It was impossible for him to keep a secret when he was in drink . 他醉的时候是不能保守秘密的。

A plant drinks in oxygen from the atmosphere . 植物从空气中吸取氧气。

12.hand on 依次传递; on hand 即将发生。

Hand on this book to a friend of yours . 把这本书传给你的一个朋友。

The summer vacation will be on hand . 暑假快到了。

13.in trust 委托人管; trust in 相信,信任。

At his death Mr Brown left a large sum in trust for his son . 布朗先生临死时留下一笔巨款托人替他儿子保管。

You can trust in him . He is honest . 你可以信任他,他很老实。

14.in turn 依次,轮流; turn in 就寝,上交。

Let’s speak in turn . 我们依次发言吧。

I want to turn in early tonight and get a good night’s test . 今晚我要早睡,好好休息一夜。

15.in tune 音调准确,一致; tune in 收听,收看。

Her piano is in tune . 她的钢琴声音很准。

We often tune in the news program . 我们常收听新闻节目。

几对常用经济类单词的区别

经济类专用术语往往有固定的用法,因为我自己也是学经济的,所以这里列出一些,供大家参考!

1、 cash、currency、money

(1) cash:指现金。在西方会计对cash的解释比较广泛,它包括硬币(coin)、纸币(paper money)、汇票(money order)和银行存款(cash in bank)。如:cash flow budget——现金流量预算cash disbursement——现金支出

(2) currency:指通货(货币)。即一个国际中实际通用的货币。如:currency unit——货币单位foreign currency——外汇currency question——通货问题

(3) money:指货币(金钱)。它是现代经济社会的支付手段或交易媒介,即不以实物交换。如:money market——金融市场net money supply——净货币供应量

2、 asset、property

(1) asset:指资产。具有货币价值的实物财产或权利。从会计观点来看,一项资产必须具有给予业主未来收益的能力。如:asset depreciation——资产折旧asset measurement——货币计量

(2) property:指财产。任何可转让的资产,包括现金在内。严格讲property一词与资产(asset)的词义不同。Asset主要用于资产负债表中的有关项目,而property则主要用于指个人之间可转让的资产。如:property insurance——财产保险property tax——财产税

3、 receipt、revenue、income

(1) receipt:指收入,即现金或其它资产的获得。如:receipts and disbursement statement——现金收支表receipt stamp——收讫章

(2) revenue:指收入,即政府的捐赠、关税、许可费和罚金等收入。如:

China’s Fiscal Revenues and Expenditures——中国的财政收支

(3) income:指收益,即一个时期的收入超过支出。如:income statement——收益表income earned——已歉收益

4、 expense、expenditure、disbursement

(1) expense:指费用,即产生收入所消耗的资产成本,是一项耗用掉的资产。如:expense of production——生产费用expense account——费用帐户

(2) expenditure:指支出,即用于获得商品或劳务的现金支付。如:

expenditure on new plant and equipment——新厂房和设备的支出

(3) disbursement:指支付,即以现金或支票的支付。如:disbursement book——现金付出簿

注:以下三对是讲收支的固定搭配:

(1) revenue and expenditure——收益支出(2) income and expense——损益(3) receipt and disbursement——收支

写作关键用词及短语汇总

数量词

一些a range of ; a variety of ; a series of ; an array of

无数innumerable ; countless

许多plenty of ; many ; much ; a great deal of ; a lot of ; ample

非常多(大)的tremendous

依序列举list in sequence

时间词

过时的outdated ; antiquated ; outmoded ; obsolete ; anachronistic

短暂的ephemeral ; transitory ; transient ; short-lived

不合时宜的anachronism

可持久的durable ; able to stand wear ; last a long time

一再time after time ; again and again

初始的preliminary

前述的aforementioned ; aforesaid ; former

自古到今from ancient times to the present day ; down through the ages

年轻人young people ; youngster ; youth ; young adult

老式的old-fashioned ; out of date ; dated

偶尔from time to time ; now and then ; once in a while ; at times

时常often ; frequently ; repeatedly

永远的eternal ; perpetual ; lasting throughout life

重整办事优先顺序reshape priorities

目前so far ; by far

一次就可完成的事one-time event

正/反意见(opinion)

骂yell at ; reprimand ; chide ; scold ; reprove

支持support ; endorse ; back up ; uphold

谴责condemn ; express strong disapproval of

错的mistaken ; erroneous ; wrong incorrect

错事wrongdoing ; had acts ; misbehavior

做相反的do the reverse of ; do the opposite

归咎blame…on ; put the blame on … ; …is to blame

瓦解disintegrate ; break up ; separate into small parts

支持某一方in favor of ; on the side of

不会犯错的infallible

意见不和clashes of opinion

一致的unanimous ; in complete agreement

不恰当inappropriate ; improper ; unsuitable ; inadequate

批判criticize ; blame; find fault with ; make judgments of the merits and faults of…

我们想念…we are convinced that…; we are certain that..

我愿意I incline to; I am inclined to; I am willing to; I tend to

有用的useful ; of use; serviceable; good for; instrumental; productive

有意义的meaningful; fulfilling

他们不愿承认这一点they have always been reluctant to admit this…

在大家同意下by common consent of…

否定deny; withhold; negate

承认admit; acknowledge; confess; concede

于事无补of no help; of no avail; no use

使…受益benefit…; do good to…; is good for…; is of great benefit to…

成语及俗语及搭配方式

想法frame of mind; mind set; the way one is thinking

想出come up with

找出come up with; find out

利用use; take advantage of

夸耀brag about; boast about; show off; speak too highly of

对…很了解have a deep knowledge of…

照顾take care of; take charge of; attend to; watch over

对抗权威stand up against authority; resist boldly the authority

对…有信心have confidence in

说清楚articulate; verbalize; put in words; utter

接受…之美意embrace the offer of…

累积amass; accumulate; heap up; assemble

联系tact; get in touch with; contact with

排除这可能性rule out the possibility

等于is equivalent to; equal

选择choose; elect; opt for; pick; single out

发出deliver; give out; hand over

绕路detour; take a detour; take a roundabout way

禁止进入is kept out; is barred from

小看make little of

坏了out of order; on the blink; is not working

分别distinguish between; make a distinction between; tell…from

依靠count on; depend on

忽视neglect; give too little care to

存在come to be; come into existence; come to birth; come into being

考虑consider; take into consideration; take into account

考虑到in consideration of

用尽力气exhaust one’s strength; use up one’s strength

开动initiate; set going

准备…brace for; prepare for

在于lie in; rest on; rest with

主动take the initiative

不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out

应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of

避免avoid; shun; get around; circumvent

幻想fantasy; play of the mind

以此标准来算by this criterion; by this standard

乍看之下at first glance

面对in the face of; in the presence of

以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of

不惜代价at all costs

每况愈下from bad to worse

承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes

取得同意…get the go-ahead to

不择手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook

想法与作法beliefs and practices

内情ins and outs; turns and twists

关键时刻the critical moment

虽然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though

功能用法与功能词用法

根据according to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line wih; in accordance with

逃避问题evade the question

增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize

澄清clarify; make clear

赔偿compensate for; give…as compensation for

实现carry out; implement; realize; make…come true

假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize

极端的radical; extreme

极端的措施drastic measures

剩下的the rest; the remainder; what is left

换言之in other words; put another way

结果result; aftermath; consequence

优点advantage; strength; strong point; merit; benefit

简言之put simply; in short; in brief; in a nutshell

举例而言for instance; for example; to illustrate; let us cite 特别是an illustration; to cite a concrete case

特别是especially; more than others; particularly; in particular

既然…now that…; seeing that…

迹象inkling; hint; clue; a slight suggestion

缺点disadvantage; demerit; shortcoming; drawback; weakness

除去do away with; eliminate; remove; get rid of

缺少for lack of; for a deficiency of

毕竟after all; all in all

范围scope; field; realm

潜力potential;

行为conduct; behavior; doings

隔绝isolate; insulate

分辨出identify; recognize

不易懂的elusive; hard to understand

展开unfold

回馈feedback

主导的人物a dominant figure; a controlling man; the most influential person

观点viewpoint; point of view; perspective; standpoint

正在进行中is underway

只是一种姿态is merely a gesture

立场position; stand; stance

意向inclination; leaning; intention

特权privilege; a special right

来自stem from; come from

一件事的不同说法alternative statements of fact

写作关键(常用词)

交织intertwine; interweave

好奇心the eager desire to know; curiosity

尊敬respect; esteem; think highly of

顽固的headstrong; obstinate; stubborn

暗淡的gloomy; dark; dim

巨大的huge; gigantic; colossal; vast; enormous; tremendous

探索explore; fathom

执行carry out; execute; do

现代modern times; modern age; contemporary age

偏见prejudice; bias; partiality; predilection

混乱chaos; commotion; confusion; disturbance; tumult

无弹性(僵硬)rigid

无缺点的flawless; airtight

无药可救incurable

无法避免的unavoidable; inevitable

细密的计划elaborate plan

取消cancel; annul; abolish

解药a cure for…; a remedy for;

谜puzzle; riddle; enigma

机会平等equality of opportunity

较有影响力的国家a predominant country

遵守abide by; conform to; observe; comply with

热情的passionate; ardent; zealous

模糊的ambiguous; vague; obscure

影响长远的far-reaching

失望despair; loss of hope; without hope

幼稚childish; childlike; naïve

挑剔的picky; choosy; fastidious

破坏destroy; ruin; break to pieces; devastate

技巧的skillful; adept; dexterous

警觉的alert; watchful; on guard; wary of

忍受bear; put up with; endure; stand

证据evidence; facts; proof; grounds; testimony

很容易地easily; with little problem; with little hindrance

令人惊讶的amazing; astonishing; astounding

生动的报导vivid description

争取compete for; try hard to win

遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance

保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter

了解understand; comprehend; catch the meaning of; catch on

泄露reveal; make known; disclose

放大amplify; magnify; enlarge

动力impetus; driving force; momentum

自满的complacent

第一流的first-rate; excellent

安全处refuge; asylum; haven; sanctuary

强调emphasize; stress; highlight

短视的决定short-sighted decision

真正的genuine; authentic; real

怪异的eccentric; peculiar; odd

明显的distinct; clear; explicit; obvious

得到…的注意capture one’s attention

事事干涉的meddlesome; interfering

背景setting; background

假的fake; false; counterfeit

夸大报导dramatize

退步setback

古人the ancients

古老的old; ancient; archaic

逃犯infringe (on); violate

使害怕intimidate; frighten

带来生气enliven

对手rival

吸引人的intriguing

旁观者onlooker

准确地说to be exact; to be precise; precisely

突然醒悟it dawned on me that

仔细思考之后after long deliberation; after careful thought

对比及其相关用词

可互换的interchangeable

可与…相比is comparable with (to)

普遍的prevailing; common; prevalent

是一个对比is a sharp contrast to

比作is likened to; is compared to

多样化的heterogeneous

单一性的homogeneous

写作关系/逻辑用词

一般而言in general; generally speaking; by and large

满于现状be happy with what you are

预测未来project into the future

另一个观点是… another way of looking at the matter is…

不宜取笑… it is not decent to make fun of…

评估社会文化因素 assess (evaluate) socio-cultural factors

那并非说… that does not mean that…

那有这回事 there is no such thing as

一个有待克服的困难是… a major hurdle for us to overcome is…

由…造成 caused by; attributable to; due to; resulting from

由…组成 is made up of…; is comprised of; consist

必须从两方面考虑此问题this problem needs to be considered on two dimensions:

限制limit; restrict; refrain; restrain; keep within limits; confine; keep in check

一般人认为… conventional wisdom suggests that…

这方法有陷阱the method had pitfalls:

说服convince; persuade; cause to believe

具体的specific; concrete; tangible

刻意的intentional; on purpose; intended

费时间去了解…take time to acquaint oneself with…

…是此问题的核心 …is at the root of the issue

无法估计is beyond calculation; Incalculable

无资格的disqualified

介词用法口诀

早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。

年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。

将来时态in...以后,小处at大处in。

有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。

特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in。

介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。

日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,

收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论。

着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。

特定时日和“一……就”,on后常接动名词。

年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。

步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。

at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。

工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。

就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。

海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man。

this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。

接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。

over、under正上下,above、below则不然,

若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。

beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。

besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。

同类比较except,加for异类记心间。

原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词

under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分。

before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。

before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。

since以来during间,since时态多变换。

与之相比beside,除了last but one。

复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。

快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。

but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。

ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。

之后、关于、在......方面,有关介词须记全。

in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。

如大体掌握如上介词用法口诀,就不易出错。当然,至于介词的详尽用法,同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。

早、午、晚要用in

例:in the morning在早上

in the afternoon 在下午

in the evening在晚上

in the day 在白天

at黎明、午、夜、点与分

例: at dawn, at daybreak在黎明时候

at noon在中午

at night 在夜间

at midnight 在午夜

以上短语都不用冠词

at six o'clock 在6点钟

at 7:30 (seven thirty)在7点半

at half past eleven 在11点半

at nine fifteen在9点15分

at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分

也可以写成

seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)

five minutes after two 2点过5分

at a quarter to two 1点45分

at the weekend 在周末

年、月、年月、季节、周

即在“来年”,在“某月”,在“某年某月” (但在某年某月某

日则用on),在四季,在第几周等都要用in。

例;in 1986 在1986年

in 1927 在1927年

in April 在四月

in March 在三月

in December 1986 1986 年12月

in July l983 1983年7月

in spring 在春季in summer 在夏季

in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季

in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周

in the third week 在第三周

阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in,

即在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。

例:Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。

They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。

They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。

a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯

He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。

The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛.

以及:in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下

a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人

the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女

in uniform 穿着制服

in mourning 穿着丧服

in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋

in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫

将来时态in...以后

例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。

I'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。

We'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。

Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)

after.. (从过去开始)

小处at大处in

例:Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县,一切很好,勿念。

I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village.我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一个小城镇,而我的父母则住在农村。

I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市.

有形with无形by,语言 、单位、材料in

例:The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)

The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)

"Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera. <<智取威虎山>>是—出好戏。(无形)

The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法——无形)

I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed. 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in)

I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)

The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system.公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )

The length is measured in meter, kilometer, and centimeter. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)

This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的。

特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in

特征或状态:

例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。

They found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。

He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。

Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来,却满怀希望而去。

The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。

The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。

Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了。

His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。

I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。

She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤,不如说她讲得很伤心。

还有一些短语也用in,如:

in jest 诙谐地,in joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地, in fairness 公正地,in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等。

His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。

Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都兴高采烈,没有一个情绪低落的。

She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。

The campaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。

方面:

例:we accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。

They are never backward in giving their views.他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。

The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain. 这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。

A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。

方式:

例:All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。

The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。

如下成语惯用in

例如: in all 总计

in advance 事前

in the meantime 与此同时

in place 适当地

in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着.......希望

in connection with 和……有关

in contact with 和……联系

in addition to 除......以外

in case of 倘若,万一

in conflict with和......冲突

in force 有效的,大批

in depth 彻底地

in regard to 关于

in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近

in retrospect 回顾,一想起

in behalf of 代表......利益

in the least 一点,丝毫

in alarm 惊慌、担心

in the opinion of 据……见解

in the long run 从长远说来

in one's opinion 在……看来

in word口头上

in a word 总之

in vain 无益地, 白白地

in case 如果,万一,以防

in detail 详细地

in haste 急急忙忙地

in conclusion 总之

in spite of 尽管

in other words... 换句话说

in return 作为回报

in the name of 以......名义

be confident in 对......有信心

be interested in 对......感兴趣

in doubt 怀疑

in love 恋爱中

in debt 负债

in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地

in hesitation 犹豫不决

in wonder 在惊奇中

in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地)

in a good humour 心情(情绪)好

 “介词at、to表方向,攻击、位置、善、恶、分”。
 介词at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句:

1. A.She came at me. 她向我扑过来。

B.She came to me. 她向我走过来。

2.A.Jake ran at John. 杰克向约翰扑过去。

B.Jake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。

3.A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。

B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。

4.A.He shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。

B. He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说

5.A.I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。

B.I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。

6.A.She talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。

B.She talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢.

7.A.She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。

B.She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。

8.A.He presented a pistol at me. 他用手枪对着我。

B.He presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。

日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。

例 on October the first 1949 1949年10月1日

on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日

on May the first 5月1日

on the first 1号

on the sixteenth 16号

on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日

on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚

on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)

on New Year's Day 在元旦

on my birthday在我的生日

但 in the Christmas holidays在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代,则用in,the present time 现在,at the present day当今则用at。

on May Day 在“五·一”节

on winter day 在冬天

on December 12th 1950 l950年12月12日

on Sunday 在星期天

on Monday 在星期一

on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨

on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午

on Friday evening 星期五晚上

但last night 昨夜;in the evening 在晚上; on time准时,in time及时,等则不同。

年月日,加早午晚,of之前on代in

例: on the morning of 18th 18日早晨

on the evening of 4th 4日晚上

On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a farewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会,他们的团长发表了告别讲话。

收音、农场,值日on

例:Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?

您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?

I heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。

talk over the radio 由无线电播音

on TV 从电视里......

hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到

My brother works on an Army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。

The students are working on a school farm. 学生们正在校办农场劳动。

This is a farmer's house on a farm. 这是农场的农舍。

Who is on duty, today? 今天谁值日?

We go on duty at 8 a.m. 我们上午8点钟上班。


【作者: 翰唐】【访问统计:】【2006年02月4日 星期六 16:25】【 加入博采】【打印

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